GNU Linux-libre 4.4.288-gnu1

[releases.git] / arch / x86 / entry / entry_64.S

/*
 *  linux/arch/x86_64/entry.S
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
 *  Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002  Andi Kleen SuSE Labs
 *  Copyright (C) 2000  Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
 *
 * entry.S contains the system-call and fault low-level handling routines.
 *
 * Some of this is documented in Documentation/x86/entry_64.txt
 *
 * A note on terminology:
 * - iret frame:        Architecture defined interrupt frame from SS to RIP
 *                      at the top of the kernel process stack.
 *
 * Some macro usage:
 * - ENTRY/END:         Define functions in the symbol table.
 * - TRACE_IRQ_*:       Trace hardirq state for lock debugging.
 * - idtentry:          Define exception entry points.
 */
#include <linux/linkage.h>
#include <asm/segment.h>
#include <asm/cache.h>
#include <asm/errno.h>
#include "calling.h"
#include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
#include <asm/msr.h>
#include <asm/unistd.h>
#include <asm/thread_info.h>
#include <asm/hw_irq.h>
#include <asm/page_types.h>
#include <asm/irqflags.h>
#include <asm/paravirt.h>
#include <asm/percpu.h>
#include <asm/asm.h>
#include <asm/smap.h>
#include <asm/pgtable_types.h>
#include <asm/kaiser.h>
#include <asm/nospec-branch.h>
#include <linux/err.h>

/* Avoid __ASSEMBLER__'ifying <linux/audit.h> just for this.  */
#include <linux/elf-em.h>
#define AUDIT_ARCH_X86_64                       (EM_X86_64|__AUDIT_ARCH_64BIT|__AUDIT_ARCH_LE)
#define __AUDIT_ARCH_64BIT                      0x80000000
#define __AUDIT_ARCH_LE                         0x40000000

.code64
.section .entry.text, "ax"

#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
ENTRY(native_usergs_sysret64)
        swapgs
        sysretq
ENDPROC(native_usergs_sysret64)
#endif /* CONFIG_PARAVIRT */

.macro TRACE_IRQS_IRETQ
#ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS
        btl     $9, EFLAGS(%rsp)                /* interrupts off? */
        jnc     1f
        TRACE_IRQS_ON
1:
#endif
.endm

/*
 * When dynamic function tracer is enabled it will add a breakpoint
 * to all locations that it is about to modify, sync CPUs, update
 * all the code, sync CPUs, then remove the breakpoints. In this time
 * if lockdep is enabled, it might jump back into the debug handler
 * outside the updating of the IST protection. (TRACE_IRQS_ON/OFF).
 *
 * We need to change the IDT table before calling TRACE_IRQS_ON/OFF to
 * make sure the stack pointer does not get reset back to the top
 * of the debug stack, and instead just reuses the current stack.
 */
#if defined(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE) && defined(CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS)

.macro TRACE_IRQS_OFF_DEBUG
        call    debug_stack_set_zero
        TRACE_IRQS_OFF
        call    debug_stack_reset
.endm

.macro TRACE_IRQS_ON_DEBUG
        call    debug_stack_set_zero
        TRACE_IRQS_ON
        call    debug_stack_reset
.endm

.macro TRACE_IRQS_IRETQ_DEBUG
        btl     $9, EFLAGS(%rsp)                /* interrupts off? */
        jnc     1f
        TRACE_IRQS_ON_DEBUG
1:
.endm

#else
# define TRACE_IRQS_OFF_DEBUG                   TRACE_IRQS_OFF
# define TRACE_IRQS_ON_DEBUG                    TRACE_IRQS_ON
# define TRACE_IRQS_IRETQ_DEBUG                 TRACE_IRQS_IRETQ
#endif

/*
 * 64-bit SYSCALL instruction entry. Up to 6 arguments in registers.
 *
 * 64-bit SYSCALL saves rip to rcx, clears rflags.RF, then saves rflags to r11,
 * then loads new ss, cs, and rip from previously programmed MSRs.
 * rflags gets masked by a value from another MSR (so CLD and CLAC
 * are not needed). SYSCALL does not save anything on the stack
 * and does not change rsp.
 *
 * Registers on entry:
 * rax  system call number
 * rcx  return address
 * r11  saved rflags (note: r11 is callee-clobbered register in C ABI)
 * rdi  arg0
 * rsi  arg1
 * rdx  arg2
 * r10  arg3 (needs to be moved to rcx to conform to C ABI)
 * r8   arg4
 * r9   arg5
 * (note: r12-r15, rbp, rbx are callee-preserved in C ABI)
 *
 * Only called from user space.
 *
 * When user can change pt_regs->foo always force IRET. That is because
 * it deals with uncanonical addresses better. SYSRET has trouble
 * with them due to bugs in both AMD and Intel CPUs.
 */

ENTRY(entry_SYSCALL_64)
        /*
         * Interrupts are off on entry.
         * We do not frame this tiny irq-off block with TRACE_IRQS_OFF/ON,
         * it is too small to ever cause noticeable irq latency.
         */
        SWAPGS_UNSAFE_STACK
        SWITCH_KERNEL_CR3_NO_STACK
        /*
         * A hypervisor implementation might want to use a label
         * after the swapgs, so that it can do the swapgs
         * for the guest and jump here on syscall.
         */
GLOBAL(entry_SYSCALL_64_after_swapgs)

        movq    %rsp, PER_CPU_VAR(rsp_scratch)
        movq    PER_CPU_VAR(cpu_current_top_of_stack), %rsp

        /* Construct struct pt_regs on stack */
        pushq   $__USER_DS                      /* pt_regs->ss */
        pushq   PER_CPU_VAR(rsp_scratch)        /* pt_regs->sp */
        /*
         * Re-enable interrupts.
         * We use 'rsp_scratch' as a scratch space, hence irq-off block above
         * must execute atomically in the face of possible interrupt-driven
         * task preemption. We must enable interrupts only after we're done
         * with using rsp_scratch:
         */
        ENABLE_INTERRUPTS(CLBR_NONE)
        pushq   %r11                            /* pt_regs->flags */
        pushq   $__USER_CS                      /* pt_regs->cs */
        pushq   %rcx                            /* pt_regs->ip */
        pushq   %rax                            /* pt_regs->orig_ax */
        pushq   %rdi                            /* pt_regs->di */
        pushq   %rsi                            /* pt_regs->si */
        pushq   %rdx                            /* pt_regs->dx */
        pushq   %rcx                            /* pt_regs->cx */
        pushq   $-ENOSYS                        /* pt_regs->ax */
        pushq   %r8                             /* pt_regs->r8 */
        pushq   %r9                             /* pt_regs->r9 */
        pushq   %r10                            /* pt_regs->r10 */
        pushq   %r11                            /* pt_regs->r11 */
        sub     $(6*8), %rsp                    /* pt_regs->bp, bx, r12-15 not saved */

        testl   $_TIF_WORK_SYSCALL_ENTRY, ASM_THREAD_INFO(TI_flags, %rsp, SIZEOF_PTREGS)
        jnz     tracesys
entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath:
#if __SYSCALL_MASK == ~0
        cmpq    $NR_syscalls, %rax
#else
        andl    $__SYSCALL_MASK, %eax
        cmpl    $NR_syscalls, %eax
#endif
        jae     1f                              /* return -ENOSYS (already in pt_regs->ax) */
        sbb     %rcx, %rcx                      /* array_index_mask_nospec() */
        and     %rcx, %rax
        movq    %r10, %rcx
#ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE
        movq    sys_call_table(, %rax, 8), %rax
        call    __x86_indirect_thunk_rax
#else
        call    *sys_call_table(, %rax, 8)
#endif

        movq    %rax, RAX(%rsp)
1:
/*
 * Syscall return path ending with SYSRET (fast path).
 * Has incompletely filled pt_regs.
 */
        LOCKDEP_SYS_EXIT
        /*
         * We do not frame this tiny irq-off block with TRACE_IRQS_OFF/ON,
         * it is too small to ever cause noticeable irq latency.
         */
        DISABLE_INTERRUPTS(CLBR_NONE)

        /*
         * We must check ti flags with interrupts (or at least preemption)
         * off because we must *never* return to userspace without
         * processing exit work that is enqueued if we're preempted here.
         * In particular, returning to userspace with any of the one-shot
         * flags (TIF_NOTIFY_RESUME, TIF_USER_RETURN_NOTIFY, etc) set is
         * very bad.
         */
        testl   $_TIF_ALLWORK_MASK, ASM_THREAD_INFO(TI_flags, %rsp, SIZEOF_PTREGS)
        jnz     int_ret_from_sys_call_irqs_off  /* Go to the slow path */

        call    mds_user_clear_buffers

        movq    RIP(%rsp), %rcx
        movq    EFLAGS(%rsp), %r11
        RESTORE_C_REGS_EXCEPT_RCX_R11
        /*
         * This opens a window where we have a user CR3, but are
         * running in the kernel.  This makes using the CS
         * register useless for telling whether or not we need to
         * switch CR3 in NMIs.  Normal interrupts are OK because
         * they are off here.
         */
        SWITCH_USER_CR3
        movq    RSP(%rsp), %rsp
        /*
         * 64-bit SYSRET restores rip from rcx,
         * rflags from r11 (but RF and VM bits are forced to 0),
         * cs and ss are loaded from MSRs.
         * Restoration of rflags re-enables interrupts.
         *
         * NB: On AMD CPUs with the X86_BUG_SYSRET_SS_ATTRS bug, the ss
         * descriptor is not reinitialized.  This means that we should
         * avoid SYSRET with SS == NULL, which could happen if we schedule,
         * exit the kernel, and re-enter using an interrupt vector.  (All
         * interrupt entries on x86_64 set SS to NULL.)  We prevent that
         * from happening by reloading SS in __switch_to.  (Actually
         * detecting the failure in 64-bit userspace is tricky but can be
         * done.)
         */
        USERGS_SYSRET64

GLOBAL(int_ret_from_sys_call_irqs_off)
        TRACE_IRQS_ON
        ENABLE_INTERRUPTS(CLBR_NONE)
        jmp int_ret_from_sys_call

        /* Do syscall entry tracing */
tracesys:
        movq    %rsp, %rdi
        movl    $AUDIT_ARCH_X86_64, %esi
        call    syscall_trace_enter_phase1
        test    %rax, %rax
        jnz     tracesys_phase2                 /* if needed, run the slow path */
        RESTORE_C_REGS_EXCEPT_RAX               /* else restore clobbered regs */
        movq    ORIG_RAX(%rsp), %rax
        jmp     entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath       /* and return to the fast path */

tracesys_phase2:
        SAVE_EXTRA_REGS
        movq    %rsp, %rdi
        movl    $AUDIT_ARCH_X86_64, %esi
        movq    %rax, %rdx
        call    syscall_trace_enter_phase2

        /*
         * Reload registers from stack in case ptrace changed them.
         * We don't reload %rax because syscall_trace_entry_phase2() returned
         * the value it wants us to use in the table lookup.
         */
        RESTORE_C_REGS_EXCEPT_RAX
        RESTORE_EXTRA_REGS
#if __SYSCALL_MASK == ~0
        cmpq    $NR_syscalls, %rax
#else
        andl    $__SYSCALL_MASK, %eax
        cmpl    $NR_syscalls, %eax
#endif
        jae     1f                              /* return -ENOSYS (already in pt_regs->ax) */
        sbb     %rcx, %rcx                      /* array_index_mask_nospec() */
        and     %rcx, %rax
        movq    %r10, %rcx                      /* fixup for C */
#ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE
        movq    sys_call_table(, %rax, 8), %rax
        call    __x86_indirect_thunk_rax
#else
        call    *sys_call_table(, %rax, 8)
#endif
        movq    %rax, RAX(%rsp)
1:
        /* Use IRET because user could have changed pt_regs->foo */

/*
 * Syscall return path ending with IRET.
 * Has correct iret frame.
 */
GLOBAL(int_ret_from_sys_call)
        SAVE_EXTRA_REGS
        movq    %rsp, %rdi
        call    syscall_return_slowpath /* returns with IRQs disabled */
        RESTORE_EXTRA_REGS
        TRACE_IRQS_IRETQ                /* we're about to change IF */

        /*
         * Try to use SYSRET instead of IRET if we're returning to
         * a completely clean 64-bit userspace context.
         */
        movq    RCX(%rsp), %rcx
        movq    RIP(%rsp), %r11
        cmpq    %rcx, %r11                      /* RCX == RIP */
        jne     opportunistic_sysret_failed

        /*
         * On Intel CPUs, SYSRET with non-canonical RCX/RIP will #GP
         * in kernel space.  This essentially lets the user take over
         * the kernel, since userspace controls RSP.
         *
         * If width of "canonical tail" ever becomes variable, this will need
         * to be updated to remain correct on both old and new CPUs.
         */
        .ifne __VIRTUAL_MASK_SHIFT - 47
        .error "virtual address width changed -- SYSRET checks need update"
        .endif

        /* Change top 16 bits to be the sign-extension of 47th bit */
        shl     $(64 - (__VIRTUAL_MASK_SHIFT+1)), %rcx
        sar     $(64 - (__VIRTUAL_MASK_SHIFT+1)), %rcx

        /* If this changed %rcx, it was not canonical */
        cmpq    %rcx, %r11
        jne     opportunistic_sysret_failed

        cmpq    $__USER_CS, CS(%rsp)            /* CS must match SYSRET */
        jne     opportunistic_sysret_failed

        movq    R11(%rsp), %r11
        cmpq    %r11, EFLAGS(%rsp)              /* R11 == RFLAGS */
        jne     opportunistic_sysret_failed

        /*
         * SYSRET can't restore RF.  SYSRET can restore TF, but unlike IRET,
         * restoring TF results in a trap from userspace immediately after
         * SYSRET.  This would cause an infinite loop whenever #DB happens
         * with register state that satisfies the opportunistic SYSRET
         * conditions.  For example, single-stepping this user code:
         *
         *           movq       $stuck_here, %rcx
         *           pushfq
         *           popq %r11
         *   stuck_here:
         *
         * would never get past 'stuck_here'.
         */
        testq   $(X86_EFLAGS_RF|X86_EFLAGS_TF), %r11
        jnz     opportunistic_sysret_failed

        /* nothing to check for RSP */

        cmpq    $__USER_DS, SS(%rsp)            /* SS must match SYSRET */
        jne     opportunistic_sysret_failed

        /*
         * We win! This label is here just for ease of understanding
         * perf profiles. Nothing jumps here.
         */
syscall_return_via_sysret:
        /* rcx and r11 are already restored (see code above) */
        RESTORE_C_REGS_EXCEPT_RCX_R11
        /*
         * This opens a window where we have a user CR3, but are
         * running in the kernel.  This makes using the CS
         * register useless for telling whether or not we need to
         * switch CR3 in NMIs.  Normal interrupts are OK because
         * they are off here.
         */
        SWITCH_USER_CR3
        movq    RSP(%rsp), %rsp
        USERGS_SYSRET64

opportunistic_sysret_failed:
        /*
         * This opens a window where we have a user CR3, but are
         * running in the kernel.  This makes using the CS
         * register useless for telling whether or not we need to
         * switch CR3 in NMIs.  Normal interrupts are OK because
         * they are off here.
         */
        SWITCH_USER_CR3
        SWAPGS
        jmp     restore_c_regs_and_iret
END(entry_SYSCALL_64)


        .macro FORK_LIKE func
ENTRY(stub_\func)
        SAVE_EXTRA_REGS 8
        jmp     sys_\func
END(stub_\func)
        .endm

        FORK_LIKE  clone
        FORK_LIKE  fork
        FORK_LIKE  vfork

ENTRY(stub_execve)
        call    sys_execve
return_from_execve:
        testl   %eax, %eax
        jz      1f
        /* exec failed, can use fast SYSRET code path in this case */
        ret
1:
        /* must use IRET code path (pt_regs->cs may have changed) */
        addq    $8, %rsp
        ZERO_EXTRA_REGS
        movq    %rax, RAX(%rsp)
        jmp     int_ret_from_sys_call
END(stub_execve)
/*
 * Remaining execve stubs are only 7 bytes long.
 * ENTRY() often aligns to 16 bytes, which in this case has no benefits.
 */
        .align  8
GLOBAL(stub_execveat)
        call    sys_execveat
        jmp     return_from_execve
END(stub_execveat)

#if defined(CONFIG_X86_X32_ABI)
        .align  8
GLOBAL(stub_x32_execve)
        call    compat_sys_execve
        jmp     return_from_execve
END(stub_x32_execve)
        .align  8
GLOBAL(stub_x32_execveat)
        call    compat_sys_execveat
        jmp     return_from_execve
END(stub_x32_execveat)
#endif

/*
 * sigreturn is special because it needs to restore all registers on return.
 * This cannot be done with SYSRET, so use the IRET return path instead.
 */
ENTRY(stub_rt_sigreturn)
        /*
         * SAVE_EXTRA_REGS result is not normally needed:
         * sigreturn overwrites all pt_regs->GPREGS.
         * But sigreturn can fail (!), and there is no easy way to detect that.
         * To make sure RESTORE_EXTRA_REGS doesn't restore garbage on error,
         * we SAVE_EXTRA_REGS here.
         */
        SAVE_EXTRA_REGS 8
        call    sys_rt_sigreturn
return_from_stub:
        addq    $8, %rsp
        RESTORE_EXTRA_REGS
        movq    %rax, RAX(%rsp)
        jmp     int_ret_from_sys_call
END(stub_rt_sigreturn)

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_X32_ABI
ENTRY(stub_x32_rt_sigreturn)
        SAVE_EXTRA_REGS 8
        call    sys32_x32_rt_sigreturn
        jmp     return_from_stub
END(stub_x32_rt_sigreturn)
#endif

/*
 * A newly forked process directly context switches into this address.
 *
 * rdi: prev task we switched from
 */
ENTRY(ret_from_fork)

        LOCK ; btr $TIF_FORK, TI_flags(%r8)

        pushq   $0x0002
        popfq                                   /* reset kernel eflags */

        call    schedule_tail                   /* rdi: 'prev' task parameter */

        RESTORE_EXTRA_REGS

        testb   $3, CS(%rsp)                    /* from kernel_thread? */

        /*
         * By the time we get here, we have no idea whether our pt_regs,
         * ti flags, and ti status came from the 64-bit SYSCALL fast path,
         * the slow path, or one of the 32-bit compat paths.
         * Use IRET code path to return, since it can safely handle
         * all of the above.
         */
        jnz     int_ret_from_sys_call

        /*
         * We came from kernel_thread
         * nb: we depend on RESTORE_EXTRA_REGS above
         */
        movq    %rbp, %rdi
        CALL_NOSPEC %rbx
        movl    $0, RAX(%rsp)
        RESTORE_EXTRA_REGS
        jmp     int_ret_from_sys_call
END(ret_from_fork)

/*
 * Build the entry stubs with some assembler magic.
 * We pack 1 stub into every 8-byte block.
 */
        .align 8
ENTRY(irq_entries_start)
    vector=FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR
    .rept (FIRST_SYSTEM_VECTOR - FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR)
        pushq   $(~vector+0x80)                 /* Note: always in signed byte range */
    vector=vector+1
        jmp     common_interrupt
        .align  8
    .endr
END(irq_entries_start)

/*
 * Interrupt entry/exit.
 *
 * Interrupt entry points save only callee clobbered registers in fast path.
 *
 * Entry runs with interrupts off.
 */

/* 0(%rsp): ~(interrupt number) */
        .macro interrupt func
        cld
        ALLOC_PT_GPREGS_ON_STACK
        SAVE_C_REGS
        SAVE_EXTRA_REGS

        testb   $3, CS(%rsp)
        jz      1f

        /*
         * IRQ from user mode.  Switch to kernel gsbase and inform context
         * tracking that we're in kernel mode.
         */
        SWAPGS
        FENCE_SWAPGS_USER_ENTRY
        SWITCH_KERNEL_CR3

        /*
         * We need to tell lockdep that IRQs are off.  We can't do this until
         * we fix gsbase, and we should do it before enter_from_user_mode
         * (which can take locks).  Since TRACE_IRQS_OFF idempotent,
         * the simplest way to handle it is to just call it twice if
         * we enter from user mode.  There's no reason to optimize this since
         * TRACE_IRQS_OFF is a no-op if lockdep is off.
         */
        TRACE_IRQS_OFF

#ifdef CONFIG_CONTEXT_TRACKING
        call enter_from_user_mode
#endif
        jmp     2f
1:
        FENCE_SWAPGS_KERNEL_ENTRY
2:
        /*
         * Save previous stack pointer, optionally switch to interrupt stack.
         * irq_count is used to check if a CPU is already on an interrupt stack
         * or not. While this is essentially redundant with preempt_count it is
         * a little cheaper to use a separate counter in the PDA (short of
         * moving irq_enter into assembly, which would be too much work)
         */
        movq    %rsp, %rdi
        incl    PER_CPU_VAR(irq_count)
        cmovzq  PER_CPU_VAR(irq_stack_ptr), %rsp
        pushq   %rdi
        /* We entered an interrupt context - irqs are off: */
        TRACE_IRQS_OFF

        call    \func   /* rdi points to pt_regs */
        .endm

        /*
         * The interrupt stubs push (~vector+0x80) onto the stack and
         * then jump to common_interrupt.
         */
        .p2align CONFIG_X86_L1_CACHE_SHIFT
common_interrupt:
        ASM_CLAC
        addq    $-0x80, (%rsp)                  /* Adjust vector to [-256, -1] range */
        interrupt do_IRQ
        /* 0(%rsp): old RSP */
ret_from_intr:
        DISABLE_INTERRUPTS(CLBR_NONE)
        TRACE_IRQS_OFF
        decl    PER_CPU_VAR(irq_count)

        /* Restore saved previous stack */
        popq    %rsp

        testb   $3, CS(%rsp)
        jz      retint_kernel

        /* Interrupt came from user space */
GLOBAL(retint_user)
        mov     %rsp,%rdi
        call    prepare_exit_to_usermode
        TRACE_IRQS_IRETQ
        SWITCH_USER_CR3
        SWAPGS
        jmp     restore_regs_and_iret

/* Returning to kernel space */
retint_kernel:
#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT
        /* Interrupts are off */
        /* Check if we need preemption */
        btl     $9, EFLAGS(%rsp)                /* were interrupts off? */
        jnc     1f
0:      cmpl    $0, PER_CPU_VAR(__preempt_count)
        jnz     1f
        call    preempt_schedule_irq
        jmp     0b
1:
#endif
        /*
         * The iretq could re-enable interrupts:
         */
        TRACE_IRQS_IRETQ

/*
 * At this label, code paths which return to kernel and to user,
 * which come from interrupts/exception and from syscalls, merge.
 */
GLOBAL(restore_regs_and_iret)
        RESTORE_EXTRA_REGS
restore_c_regs_and_iret:
        RESTORE_C_REGS
        REMOVE_PT_GPREGS_FROM_STACK 8
        INTERRUPT_RETURN

ENTRY(native_iret)
        /*
         * Are we returning to a stack segment from the LDT?  Note: in
         * 64-bit mode SS:RSP on the exception stack is always valid.
         */
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_ESPFIX64
        testb   $4, (SS-RIP)(%rsp)
        jnz     native_irq_return_ldt
#endif

.global native_irq_return_iret
native_irq_return_iret:
        /*
         * This may fault.  Non-paranoid faults on return to userspace are
         * handled by fixup_bad_iret.  These include #SS, #GP, and #NP.
         * Double-faults due to espfix64 are handled in do_double_fault.
         * Other faults here are fatal.
         */
        iretq

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_ESPFIX64
native_irq_return_ldt:
        pushq   %rax
        pushq   %rdi
        SWAPGS
        SWITCH_KERNEL_CR3
        movq    PER_CPU_VAR(espfix_waddr), %rdi
        movq    %rax, (0*8)(%rdi)               /* RAX */
        movq    (2*8)(%rsp), %rax               /* RIP */
        movq    %rax, (1*8)(%rdi)
        movq    (3*8)(%rsp), %rax               /* CS */
        movq    %rax, (2*8)(%rdi)
        movq    (4*8)(%rsp), %rax               /* RFLAGS */
        movq    %rax, (3*8)(%rdi)
        movq    (6*8)(%rsp), %rax               /* SS */
        movq    %rax, (5*8)(%rdi)
        movq    (5*8)(%rsp), %rax               /* RSP */
        movq    %rax, (4*8)(%rdi)
        andl    $0xffff0000, %eax
        popq    %rdi
        orq     PER_CPU_VAR(espfix_stack), %rax
        SWITCH_USER_CR3
        SWAPGS
        movq    %rax, %rsp
        popq    %rax
        jmp     native_irq_return_iret
#endif
END(common_interrupt)

/*
 * APIC interrupts.
 */
.macro apicinterrupt3 num sym do_sym
ENTRY(\sym)
        ASM_CLAC
        pushq   $~(\num)
.Lcommon_\sym:
        interrupt \do_sym
        jmp     ret_from_intr
END(\sym)
.endm

#ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
#define trace(sym) trace_##sym
#define smp_trace(sym) smp_trace_##sym

.macro trace_apicinterrupt num sym
apicinterrupt3 \num trace(\sym) smp_trace(\sym)
.endm
#else
.macro trace_apicinterrupt num sym do_sym
.endm
#endif

.macro apicinterrupt num sym do_sym
apicinterrupt3 \num \sym \do_sym
trace_apicinterrupt \num \sym
.endm

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
apicinterrupt3 IRQ_MOVE_CLEANUP_VECTOR          irq_move_cleanup_interrupt      smp_irq_move_cleanup_interrupt
apicinterrupt3 REBOOT_VECTOR                    reboot_interrupt                smp_reboot_interrupt
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_UV
apicinterrupt3 UV_BAU_MESSAGE                   uv_bau_message_intr1            uv_bau_message_interrupt
#endif

apicinterrupt LOCAL_TIMER_VECTOR                apic_timer_interrupt            smp_apic_timer_interrupt
apicinterrupt X86_PLATFORM_IPI_VECTOR           x86_platform_ipi                smp_x86_platform_ipi

#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_KVM
apicinterrupt3 POSTED_INTR_VECTOR               kvm_posted_intr_ipi             smp_kvm_posted_intr_ipi
apicinterrupt3 POSTED_INTR_WAKEUP_VECTOR        kvm_posted_intr_wakeup_ipi      smp_kvm_posted_intr_wakeup_ipi
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_MCE_THRESHOLD
apicinterrupt THRESHOLD_APIC_VECTOR             threshold_interrupt             smp_threshold_interrupt
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_MCE_AMD
apicinterrupt DEFERRED_ERROR_VECTOR             deferred_error_interrupt        smp_deferred_error_interrupt
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_THERMAL_VECTOR
apicinterrupt THERMAL_APIC_VECTOR               thermal_interrupt               smp_thermal_interrupt
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
apicinterrupt CALL_FUNCTION_SINGLE_VECTOR       call_function_single_interrupt  smp_call_function_single_interrupt
apicinterrupt CALL_FUNCTION_VECTOR              call_function_interrupt         smp_call_function_interrupt
apicinterrupt RESCHEDULE_VECTOR                 reschedule_interrupt            smp_reschedule_interrupt
#endif

apicinterrupt ERROR_APIC_VECTOR                 error_interrupt                 smp_error_interrupt
apicinterrupt SPURIOUS_APIC_VECTOR              spurious_interrupt              smp_spurious_interrupt

#ifdef CONFIG_IRQ_WORK
apicinterrupt IRQ_WORK_VECTOR                   irq_work_interrupt              smp_irq_work_interrupt
#endif

/*
 * Exception entry points.
 */
#define CPU_TSS_IST(x) PER_CPU_VAR(cpu_tss) + (TSS_ist + ((x) - 1) * 8)

.macro idtentry sym do_sym has_error_code:req paranoid=0 shift_ist=-1
ENTRY(\sym)
        /* Sanity check */
        .if \shift_ist != -1 && \paranoid == 0
        .error "using shift_ist requires paranoid=1"
        .endif

        ASM_CLAC
        PARAVIRT_ADJUST_EXCEPTION_FRAME

        .ifeq \has_error_code
        pushq   $-1                             /* ORIG_RAX: no syscall to restart */
        .endif

        ALLOC_PT_GPREGS_ON_STACK

        .if \paranoid
        .if \paranoid == 1
        testb   $3, CS(%rsp)                    /* If coming from userspace, switch stacks */
        jnz     1f
        .endif
        call    paranoid_entry
        .else
        call    error_entry
        .endif
        /* returned flag: ebx=0: need swapgs on exit, ebx=1: don't need it */

        .if \paranoid
        .if \shift_ist != -1
        TRACE_IRQS_OFF_DEBUG                    /* reload IDT in case of recursion */
        .else
        TRACE_IRQS_OFF
        .endif
        .endif

        movq    %rsp, %rdi                      /* pt_regs pointer */

        .if \has_error_code
        movq    ORIG_RAX(%rsp), %rsi            /* get error code */
        movq    $-1, ORIG_RAX(%rsp)             /* no syscall to restart */
        .else
        xorl    %esi, %esi                      /* no error code */
        .endif

        .if \shift_ist != -1
        subq    $EXCEPTION_STKSZ, CPU_TSS_IST(\shift_ist)
        .endif

        call    \do_sym

        .if \shift_ist != -1
        addq    $EXCEPTION_STKSZ, CPU_TSS_IST(\shift_ist)
        .endif

        /* these procedures expect "no swapgs" flag in ebx */
        .if \paranoid
        jmp     paranoid_exit
        .else
        jmp     error_exit
        .endif

        .if \paranoid == 1
        /*
         * Paranoid entry from userspace.  Switch stacks and treat it
         * as a normal entry.  This means that paranoid handlers
         * run in real process context if user_mode(regs).
         */
1:
        call    error_entry


        movq    %rsp, %rdi                      /* pt_regs pointer */
        call    sync_regs
        movq    %rax, %rsp                      /* switch stack */

        movq    %rsp, %rdi                      /* pt_regs pointer */

        .if \has_error_code
        movq    ORIG_RAX(%rsp), %rsi            /* get error code */
        movq    $-1, ORIG_RAX(%rsp)             /* no syscall to restart */
        .else
        xorl    %esi, %esi                      /* no error code */
        .endif

        call    \do_sym

        jmp     error_exit
        .endif
END(\sym)
.endm

#ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
.macro trace_idtentry sym do_sym has_error_code:req
idtentry trace(\sym) trace(\do_sym) has_error_code=\has_error_code
idtentry \sym \do_sym has_error_code=\has_error_code
.endm
#else
.macro trace_idtentry sym do_sym has_error_code:req
idtentry \sym \do_sym has_error_code=\has_error_code
.endm
#endif

idtentry divide_error                   do_divide_error                 has_error_code=0
idtentry overflow                       do_overflow                     has_error_code=0
idtentry bounds                         do_bounds                       has_error_code=0
idtentry invalid_op                     do_invalid_op                   has_error_code=0
idtentry device_not_available           do_device_not_available         has_error_code=0
idtentry double_fault                   do_double_fault                 has_error_code=1 paranoid=2
idtentry coprocessor_segment_overrun    do_coprocessor_segment_overrun  has_error_code=0
idtentry invalid_TSS                    do_invalid_TSS                  has_error_code=1
idtentry segment_not_present            do_segment_not_present          has_error_code=1
idtentry spurious_interrupt_bug         do_spurious_interrupt_bug       has_error_code=0
idtentry coprocessor_error              do_coprocessor_error            has_error_code=0
idtentry alignment_check                do_alignment_check              has_error_code=1
idtentry simd_coprocessor_error         do_simd_coprocessor_error       has_error_code=0


        /*
         * Reload gs selector with exception handling
         * edi:  new selector
         */
ENTRY(native_load_gs_index)
        pushfq
        DISABLE_INTERRUPTS(CLBR_ANY & ~CLBR_RDI)
        SWAPGS
gs_change:
        movl    %edi, %gs
2:      mfence                                  /* workaround */
        SWAPGS
        popfq
        ret
END(native_load_gs_index)

        _ASM_EXTABLE(gs_change, bad_gs)
        .section .fixup, "ax"
        /* running with kernelgs */
bad_gs:
        SWAPGS                                  /* switch back to user gs */
        xorl    %eax, %eax
        movl    %eax, %gs
        jmp     2b
        .previous

/* Call softirq on interrupt stack. Interrupts are off. */
ENTRY(do_softirq_own_stack)
        pushq   %rbp
        mov     %rsp, %rbp
        incl    PER_CPU_VAR(irq_count)
        cmove   PER_CPU_VAR(irq_stack_ptr), %rsp
        push    %rbp                            /* frame pointer backlink */
        call    __do_softirq
        leaveq
        decl    PER_CPU_VAR(irq_count)
        ret
END(do_softirq_own_stack)

#ifdef CONFIG_XEN
idtentry xen_hypervisor_callback xen_do_hypervisor_callback has_error_code=0

/*
 * A note on the "critical region" in our callback handler.
 * We want to avoid stacking callback handlers due to events occurring
 * during handling of the last event. To do this, we keep events disabled
 * until we've done all processing. HOWEVER, we must enable events before
 * popping the stack frame (can't be done atomically) and so it would still
 * be possible to get enough handler activations to overflow the stack.
 * Although unlikely, bugs of that kind are hard to track down, so we'd
 * like to avoid the possibility.
 * So, on entry to the handler we detect whether we interrupted an
 * existing activation in its critical region -- if so, we pop the current
 * activation and restart the handler using the previous one.
 */
ENTRY(xen_do_hypervisor_callback)               /* do_hypervisor_callback(struct *pt_regs) */

/*
 * Since we don't modify %rdi, evtchn_do_upall(struct *pt_regs) will
 * see the correct pointer to the pt_regs
 */
        movq    %rdi, %rsp                      /* we don't return, adjust the stack frame */
11:     incl    PER_CPU_VAR(irq_count)
        movq    %rsp, %rbp
        cmovzq  PER_CPU_VAR(irq_stack_ptr), %rsp
        pushq   %rbp                            /* frame pointer backlink */
        call    xen_evtchn_do_upcall
        popq    %rsp
        decl    PER_CPU_VAR(irq_count)
#ifndef CONFIG_PREEMPT
        call    xen_maybe_preempt_hcall
#endif
        jmp     error_exit
END(xen_do_hypervisor_callback)

/*
 * Hypervisor uses this for application faults while it executes.
 * We get here for two reasons:
 *  1. Fault while reloading DS, ES, FS or GS
 *  2. Fault while executing IRET
 * Category 1 we do not need to fix up as Xen has already reloaded all segment
 * registers that could be reloaded and zeroed the others.
 * Category 2 we fix up by killing the current process. We cannot use the
 * normal Linux return path in this case because if we use the IRET hypercall
 * to pop the stack frame we end up in an infinite loop of failsafe callbacks.
 * We distinguish between categories by comparing each saved segment register
 * with its current contents: any discrepancy means we in category 1.
 */
ENTRY(xen_failsafe_callback)
        movl    %ds, %ecx
        cmpw    %cx, 0x10(%rsp)
        jne     1f
        movl    %es, %ecx
        cmpw    %cx, 0x18(%rsp)
        jne     1f
        movl    %fs, %ecx
        cmpw    %cx, 0x20(%rsp)
        jne     1f
        movl    %gs, %ecx
        cmpw    %cx, 0x28(%rsp)
        jne     1f
        /* All segments match their saved values => Category 2 (Bad IRET). */
        movq    (%rsp), %rcx
        movq    8(%rsp), %r11
        addq    $0x30, %rsp
        pushq   $0                              /* RIP */
        pushq   %r11
        pushq   %rcx
        jmp     general_protection
1:      /* Segment mismatch => Category 1 (Bad segment). Retry the IRET. */
        movq    (%rsp), %rcx
        movq    8(%rsp), %r11
        addq    $0x30, %rsp
        pushq   $-1 /* orig_ax = -1 => not a system call */
        ALLOC_PT_GPREGS_ON_STACK
        SAVE_C_REGS
        SAVE_EXTRA_REGS
        jmp     error_exit
END(xen_failsafe_callback)

apicinterrupt3 HYPERVISOR_CALLBACK_VECTOR \
        xen_hvm_callback_vector xen_evtchn_do_upcall

#endif /* CONFIG_XEN */

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HYPERV)
apicinterrupt3 HYPERVISOR_CALLBACK_VECTOR \
        hyperv_callback_vector hyperv_vector_handler
#endif /* CONFIG_HYPERV */

idtentry debug                  do_debug                has_error_code=0        paranoid=1 shift_ist=DEBUG_STACK
idtentry int3                   do_int3                 has_error_code=0
idtentry stack_segment          do_stack_segment        has_error_code=1

#ifdef CONFIG_XEN
idtentry xen_debug              do_debug                has_error_code=0
idtentry xen_int3               do_int3                 has_error_code=0
idtentry xen_stack_segment      do_stack_segment        has_error_code=1
#endif

idtentry general_protection     do_general_protection   has_error_code=1
trace_idtentry page_fault       do_page_fault           has_error_code=1

#ifdef CONFIG_KVM_GUEST
idtentry async_page_fault       do_async_page_fault     has_error_code=1
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_MCE
idtentry machine_check          do_mce                  has_error_code=0        paranoid=1
#endif

/*
 * Save all registers in pt_regs, and switch gs if needed.
 * Use slow, but surefire "are we in kernel?" check.
 *
 * Return: ebx=0: needs swapgs but not SWITCH_USER_CR3 in paranoid_exit
 *         ebx=1: needs neither swapgs nor SWITCH_USER_CR3 in paranoid_exit
 *         ebx=2: needs both swapgs and SWITCH_USER_CR3 in paranoid_exit
 *         ebx=3: needs SWITCH_USER_CR3 but not swapgs in paranoid_exit
 */
ENTRY(paranoid_entry)
        cld
        SAVE_C_REGS 8
        SAVE_EXTRA_REGS 8
        movl    $1, %ebx
        movl    $MSR_GS_BASE, %ecx
        rdmsr
        testl   %edx, %edx
        js      1f                              /* negative -> in kernel */
        SWAPGS
        xorl    %ebx, %ebx
1:
#ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION
        /*
         * We might have come in between a swapgs and a SWITCH_KERNEL_CR3
         * on entry, or between a SWITCH_USER_CR3 and a swapgs on exit.
         * Do a conditional SWITCH_KERNEL_CR3: this could safely be done
         * unconditionally, but we need to find out whether the reverse
         * should be done on return (conveyed to paranoid_exit in %ebx).
         */
        ALTERNATIVE "jmp 2f", "movq %cr3, %rax", X86_FEATURE_KAISER
        testl   $KAISER_SHADOW_PGD_OFFSET, %eax
        jz      2f
        orl     $2, %ebx
        andq    $(~(X86_CR3_PCID_ASID_MASK | KAISER_SHADOW_PGD_OFFSET)), %rax
        /* If PCID enabled, set X86_CR3_PCID_NOFLUSH_BIT */
        ALTERNATIVE "", "bts $63, %rax", X86_FEATURE_PCID
        movq    %rax, %cr3
2:
#endif
        /*
         * The above doesn't do an unconditional CR3 write, even in the PTI
         * case.  So do an lfence to prevent GS speculation, regardless of
         * whether PTI is enabled.
         */
        FENCE_SWAPGS_KERNEL_ENTRY

        ret
END(paranoid_entry)

/*
 * "Paranoid" exit path from exception stack.  This is invoked
 * only on return from non-NMI IST interrupts that came
 * from kernel space.
 *
 * We may be returning to very strange contexts (e.g. very early
 * in syscall entry), so checking for preemption here would
 * be complicated.  Fortunately, we there's no good reason
 * to try to handle preemption here.
 *
 * On entry: ebx=0: needs swapgs but not SWITCH_USER_CR3
 *           ebx=1: needs neither swapgs nor SWITCH_USER_CR3
 *           ebx=2: needs both swapgs and SWITCH_USER_CR3
 *           ebx=3: needs SWITCH_USER_CR3 but not swapgs
 */
ENTRY(paranoid_exit)
        DISABLE_INTERRUPTS(CLBR_NONE)
        TRACE_IRQS_OFF_DEBUG
        TRACE_IRQS_IRETQ_DEBUG
#ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION
        /* No ALTERNATIVE for X86_FEATURE_KAISER: paranoid_entry sets %ebx */
        testl   $2, %ebx                        /* SWITCH_USER_CR3 needed? */
        jz      paranoid_exit_no_switch
        SWITCH_USER_CR3
paranoid_exit_no_switch:
#endif
        testl   $1, %ebx                        /* swapgs needed? */
        jnz     paranoid_exit_no_swapgs
        SWAPGS_UNSAFE_STACK
paranoid_exit_no_swapgs:
        RESTORE_EXTRA_REGS
        RESTORE_C_REGS
        REMOVE_PT_GPREGS_FROM_STACK 8
        INTERRUPT_RETURN
END(paranoid_exit)

/*
 * Save all registers in pt_regs, and switch gs if needed.
 */
ENTRY(error_entry)
        cld
        SAVE_C_REGS 8
        SAVE_EXTRA_REGS 8
        /*
         * error_entry() always returns with a kernel gsbase and
         * CR3.  We must also have a kernel CR3/gsbase before
         * calling TRACE_IRQS_*.  Just unconditionally switch to
         * the kernel CR3 here.
         */
        SWITCH_KERNEL_CR3
        testb   $3, CS+8(%rsp)
        jz      .Lerror_kernelspace

        /*
         * We entered from user mode or we're pretending to have entered
         * from user mode due to an IRET fault.
         */
        SWAPGS
        FENCE_SWAPGS_USER_ENTRY

.Lerror_entry_from_usermode_after_swapgs:
        /*
         * We need to tell lockdep that IRQs are off.  We can't do this until
         * we fix gsbase, and we should do it before enter_from_user_mode
         * (which can take locks).
         */
        TRACE_IRQS_OFF
#ifdef CONFIG_CONTEXT_TRACKING
        call enter_from_user_mode
#endif
        ret

.Lerror_entry_done_lfence:
        FENCE_SWAPGS_KERNEL_ENTRY
.Lerror_entry_done:
        TRACE_IRQS_OFF
        ret

        /*
         * There are two places in the kernel that can potentially fault with
         * usergs. Handle them here.  B stepping K8s sometimes report a
         * truncated RIP for IRET exceptions returning to compat mode. Check
         * for these here too.
         */
.Lerror_kernelspace:
        leaq    native_irq_return_iret(%rip), %rcx
        cmpq    %rcx, RIP+8(%rsp)
        je      .Lerror_bad_iret
        movl    %ecx, %eax                      /* zero extend */
        cmpq    %rax, RIP+8(%rsp)
        je      .Lbstep_iret
        cmpq    $gs_change, RIP+8(%rsp)
        jne     .Lerror_entry_done_lfence

        /*
         * hack: gs_change can fail with user gsbase.  If this happens, fix up
         * gsbase and proceed.  We'll fix up the exception and land in
         * gs_change's error handler with kernel gsbase.
         */
        SWAPGS
        FENCE_SWAPGS_USER_ENTRY
        jmp .Lerror_entry_done

.Lbstep_iret:
        /* Fix truncated RIP */
        movq    %rcx, RIP+8(%rsp)
        /* fall through */

.Lerror_bad_iret:
        /*
         * We came from an IRET to user mode, so we have user gsbase.
         * Switch to kernel gsbase:
         */
        SWAPGS
        FENCE_SWAPGS_USER_ENTRY

        /*
         * Pretend that the exception came from user mode: set up pt_regs
         * as if we faulted immediately after IRET.
         */
        mov     %rsp, %rdi
        call    fixup_bad_iret
        mov     %rax, %rsp
        jmp     .Lerror_entry_from_usermode_after_swapgs
END(error_entry)

ENTRY(error_exit)
        DISABLE_INTERRUPTS(CLBR_NONE)
        TRACE_IRQS_OFF
        testb   $3, CS(%rsp)
        jz      retint_kernel
        jmp     retint_user
END(error_exit)

/* Runs on exception stack */
ENTRY(nmi)
        /*
         * Fix up the exception frame if we're on Xen.
         * PARAVIRT_ADJUST_EXCEPTION_FRAME is guaranteed to push at most
         * one value to the stack on native, so it may clobber the rdx
         * scratch slot, but it won't clobber any of the important
         * slots past it.
         *
         * Xen is a different story, because the Xen frame itself overlaps
         * the "NMI executing" variable.
         */
        PARAVIRT_ADJUST_EXCEPTION_FRAME

        /*
         * We allow breakpoints in NMIs. If a breakpoint occurs, then
         * the iretq it performs will take us out of NMI context.
         * This means that we can have nested NMIs where the next
         * NMI is using the top of the stack of the previous NMI. We
         * can't let it execute because the nested NMI will corrupt the
         * stack of the previous NMI. NMI handlers are not re-entrant
         * anyway.
         *
         * To handle this case we do the following:
         *  Check the a special location on the stack that contains
         *  a variable that is set when NMIs are executing.
         *  The interrupted task's stack is also checked to see if it
         *  is an NMI stack.
         *  If the variable is not set and the stack is not the NMI
         *  stack then:
         *    o Set the special variable on the stack
         *    o Copy the interrupt frame into an "outermost" location on the
         *      stack
         *    o Copy the interrupt frame into an "iret" location on the stack
         *    o Continue processing the NMI
         *  If the variable is set or the previous stack is the NMI stack:
         *    o Modify the "iret" location to jump to the repeat_nmi
         *    o return back to the first NMI
         *
         * Now on exit of the first NMI, we first clear the stack variable
         * The NMI stack will tell any nested NMIs at that point that it is
         * nested. Then we pop the stack normally with iret, and if there was
         * a nested NMI that updated the copy interrupt stack frame, a
         * jump will be made to the repeat_nmi code that will handle the second
         * NMI.
         *
         * However, espfix prevents us from directly returning to userspace
         * with a single IRET instruction.  Similarly, IRET to user mode
         * can fault.  We therefore handle NMIs from user space like
         * other IST entries.
         */

        ASM_CLAC

        /* Use %rdx as our temp variable throughout */
        pushq   %rdx

        testb   $3, CS-RIP+8(%rsp)
        jz      .Lnmi_from_kernel

        /*
         * NMI from user mode.  We need to run on the thread stack, but we
         * can't go through the normal entry paths: NMIs are masked, and
         * we don't want to enable interrupts, because then we'll end
         * up in an awkward situation in which IRQs are on but NMIs
         * are off.
         *
         * We also must not push anything to the stack before switching
         * stacks lest we corrupt the "NMI executing" variable.
         */

        SWAPGS_UNSAFE_STACK
        /*
         * percpu variables are mapped with user CR3, so no need
         * to switch CR3 here.
         */
        cld
        FENCE_SWAPGS_USER_ENTRY
        movq    %rsp, %rdx
        movq    PER_CPU_VAR(cpu_current_top_of_stack), %rsp
        pushq   5*8(%rdx)       /* pt_regs->ss */
        pushq   4*8(%rdx)       /* pt_regs->rsp */
        pushq   3*8(%rdx)       /* pt_regs->flags */
        pushq   2*8(%rdx)       /* pt_regs->cs */
        pushq   1*8(%rdx)       /* pt_regs->rip */
        pushq   $-1             /* pt_regs->orig_ax */
        pushq   %rdi            /* pt_regs->di */
        pushq   %rsi            /* pt_regs->si */
        pushq   (%rdx)          /* pt_regs->dx */
        pushq   %rcx            /* pt_regs->cx */
        pushq   %rax            /* pt_regs->ax */
        pushq   %r8             /* pt_regs->r8 */
        pushq   %r9             /* pt_regs->r9 */
        pushq   %r10            /* pt_regs->r10 */
        pushq   %r11            /* pt_regs->r11 */
        pushq   %rbx            /* pt_regs->rbx */
        pushq   %rbp            /* pt_regs->rbp */
        pushq   %r12            /* pt_regs->r12 */
        pushq   %r13            /* pt_regs->r13 */
        pushq   %r14            /* pt_regs->r14 */
        pushq   %r15            /* pt_regs->r15 */

        /*
         * At this point we no longer need to worry about stack damage
         * due to nesting -- we're on the normal thread stack and we're
         * done with the NMI stack.
         */

        movq    %rsp, %rdi
        movq    $-1, %rsi
#ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION
        /* Unconditionally use kernel CR3 for do_nmi() */
        /* %rax is saved above, so OK to clobber here */
        ALTERNATIVE "jmp 2f", "movq %cr3, %rax", X86_FEATURE_KAISER
        /* If PCID enabled, NOFLUSH now and NOFLUSH on return */
        ALTERNATIVE "", "bts $63, %rax", X86_FEATURE_PCID
        pushq   %rax
        /* mask off "user" bit of pgd address and 12 PCID bits: */
        andq    $(~(X86_CR3_PCID_ASID_MASK | KAISER_SHADOW_PGD_OFFSET)), %rax
        movq    %rax, %cr3
2:
#endif
        call    do_nmi

#ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION
        /*
         * Unconditionally restore CR3.  I know we return to
         * kernel code that needs user CR3, but do we ever return
         * to "user mode" where we need the kernel CR3?
         */
        ALTERNATIVE "", "popq %rax; movq %rax, %cr3", X86_FEATURE_KAISER
#endif

        /*
         * Return back to user mode.  We must *not* do the normal exit
         * work, because we don't want to enable interrupts.  Do not
         * switch to user CR3: we might be going back to kernel code
         * that had a user CR3 set.
         */
        SWAPGS
        jmp     restore_c_regs_and_iret

.Lnmi_from_kernel:
        /*
         * Here's what our stack frame will look like:
         * +---------------------------------------------------------+
         * | original SS                                             |
         * | original Return RSP                                     |
         * | original RFLAGS                                         |
         * | original CS                                             |
         * | original RIP                                            |
         * +---------------------------------------------------------+
         * | temp storage for rdx                                    |
         * +---------------------------------------------------------+
         * | "NMI executing" variable                                |
         * +---------------------------------------------------------+
         * | iret SS          } Copied from "outermost" frame        |
         * | iret Return RSP  } on each loop iteration; overwritten  |
         * | iret RFLAGS      } by a nested NMI to force another     |
         * | iret CS          } iteration if needed.                 |
         * | iret RIP         }                                      |
         * +---------------------------------------------------------+
         * | outermost SS          } initialized in first_nmi;       |
         * | outermost Return RSP  } will not be changed before      |
         * | outermost RFLAGS      } NMI processing is done.         |
         * | outermost CS          } Copied to "iret" frame on each  |
         * | outermost RIP         } iteration.                      |
         * +---------------------------------------------------------+
         * | pt_regs                                                 |
         * +---------------------------------------------------------+
         *
         * The "original" frame is used by hardware.  Before re-enabling
         * NMIs, we need to be done with it, and we need to leave enough
         * space for the asm code here.
         *
         * We return by executing IRET while RSP points to the "iret" frame.
         * That will either return for real or it will loop back into NMI
         * processing.
         *
         * The "outermost" frame is copied to the "iret" frame on each
         * iteration of the loop, so each iteration starts with the "iret"
         * frame pointing to the final return target.
         */

        /*
         * Determine whether we're a nested NMI.
         *
         * If we interrupted kernel code between repeat_nmi and
         * end_repeat_nmi, then we are a nested NMI.  We must not
         * modify the "iret" frame because it's being written by
         * the outer NMI.  That's okay; the outer NMI handler is
         * about to about to call do_nmi anyway, so we can just
         * resume the outer NMI.
         */

        movq    $repeat_nmi, %rdx
        cmpq    8(%rsp), %rdx
        ja      1f
        movq    $end_repeat_nmi, %rdx
        cmpq    8(%rsp), %rdx
        ja      nested_nmi_out
1:

        /*
         * Now check "NMI executing".  If it's set, then we're nested.
         * This will not detect if we interrupted an outer NMI just
         * before IRET.
         */
        cmpl    $1, -8(%rsp)
        je      nested_nmi

        /*
         * Now test if the previous stack was an NMI stack.  This covers
         * the case where we interrupt an outer NMI after it clears
         * "NMI executing" but before IRET.  We need to be careful, though:
         * there is one case in which RSP could point to the NMI stack
         * despite there being no NMI active: naughty userspace controls
         * RSP at the very beginning of the SYSCALL targets.  We can
         * pull a fast one on naughty userspace, though: we program
         * SYSCALL to mask DF, so userspace cannot cause DF to be set
         * if it controls the kernel's RSP.  We set DF before we clear
         * "NMI executing".
         */
        lea     6*8(%rsp), %rdx
        /* Compare the NMI stack (rdx) with the stack we came from (4*8(%rsp)) */
        cmpq    %rdx, 4*8(%rsp)
        /* If the stack pointer is above the NMI stack, this is a normal NMI */
        ja      first_nmi

        subq    $EXCEPTION_STKSZ, %rdx
        cmpq    %rdx, 4*8(%rsp)
        /* If it is below the NMI stack, it is a normal NMI */
        jb      first_nmi

        /* Ah, it is within the NMI stack. */

        testb   $(X86_EFLAGS_DF >> 8), (3*8 + 1)(%rsp)
        jz      first_nmi       /* RSP was user controlled. */

        /* This is a nested NMI. */

nested_nmi:
        /*
         * Modify the "iret" frame to point to repeat_nmi, forcing another
         * iteration of NMI handling.
         */
        subq    $8, %rsp
        leaq    -10*8(%rsp), %rdx
        pushq   $__KERNEL_DS
        pushq   %rdx
        pushfq
        pushq   $__KERNEL_CS
        pushq   $repeat_nmi

        /* Put stack back */
        addq    $(6*8), %rsp

nested_nmi_out:
        popq    %rdx

        /* We are returning to kernel mode, so this cannot result in a fault. */
        INTERRUPT_RETURN

first_nmi:
        /* Restore rdx. */
        movq    (%rsp), %rdx

        /* Make room for "NMI executing". */
        pushq   $0

        /* Leave room for the "iret" frame */
        subq    $(5*8), %rsp

        /* Copy the "original" frame to the "outermost" frame */
        .rept 5
        pushq   11*8(%rsp)
        .endr

        /* Everything up to here is safe from nested NMIs */

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_ENTRY
        /*
         * For ease of testing, unmask NMIs right away.  Disabled by
         * default because IRET is very expensive.
         */
        pushq   $0              /* SS */
        pushq   %rsp            /* RSP (minus 8 because of the previous push) */
        addq    $8, (%rsp)      /* Fix up RSP */
        pushfq                  /* RFLAGS */
        pushq   $__KERNEL_CS    /* CS */
        pushq   $1f             /* RIP */
        INTERRUPT_RETURN        /* continues at repeat_nmi below */
1:
#endif

repeat_nmi:
        /*
         * If there was a nested NMI, the first NMI's iret will return
         * here. But NMIs are still enabled and we can take another
         * nested NMI. The nested NMI checks the interrupted RIP to see
         * if it is between repeat_nmi and end_repeat_nmi, and if so
         * it will just return, as we are about to repeat an NMI anyway.
         * This makes it safe to copy to the stack frame that a nested
         * NMI will update.
         *
         * RSP is pointing to "outermost RIP".  gsbase is unknown, but, if
         * we're repeating an NMI, gsbase has the same value that it had on
         * the first iteration.  paranoid_entry will load the kernel
         * gsbase if needed before we call do_nmi.  "NMI executing"
         * is zero.
         */
        movq    $1, 10*8(%rsp)          /* Set "NMI executing". */

        /*
         * Copy the "outermost" frame to the "iret" frame.  NMIs that nest
         * here must not modify the "iret" frame while we're writing to
         * it or it will end up containing garbage.
         */
        addq    $(10*8), %rsp
        .rept 5
        pushq   -6*8(%rsp)
        .endr
        subq    $(5*8), %rsp
end_repeat_nmi:

        /*
         * Everything below this point can be preempted by a nested NMI.
         * If this happens, then the inner NMI will change the "iret"
         * frame to point back to repeat_nmi.
         */
        pushq   $-1                             /* ORIG_RAX: no syscall to restart */
        ALLOC_PT_GPREGS_ON_STACK

        /*
         * Use the same approach as paranoid_entry to handle SWAPGS, but
         * without CR3 handling since we do that differently in NMIs.  No
         * need to use paranoid_exit as we should not be calling schedule
         * in NMI context.  Even with normal interrupts enabled. An NMI
         * should not be setting NEED_RESCHED or anything that normal
         * interrupts and exceptions might do.
         */
        cld
        SAVE_C_REGS
        SAVE_EXTRA_REGS
        movl    $1, %ebx
        movl    $MSR_GS_BASE, %ecx
        rdmsr
        testl   %edx, %edx
        js      1f                              /* negative -> in kernel */
        SWAPGS
        xorl    %ebx, %ebx
1:
        movq    %rsp, %rdi
        movq    $-1, %rsi
#ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION
        /* Unconditionally use kernel CR3 for do_nmi() */
        /* %rax is saved above, so OK to clobber here */
        ALTERNATIVE "jmp 2f", "movq %cr3, %rax", X86_FEATURE_KAISER
        /* If PCID enabled, NOFLUSH now and NOFLUSH on return */
        ALTERNATIVE "", "bts $63, %rax", X86_FEATURE_PCID
        pushq   %rax
        /* mask off "user" bit of pgd address and 12 PCID bits: */
        andq    $(~(X86_CR3_PCID_ASID_MASK | KAISER_SHADOW_PGD_OFFSET)), %rax
        movq    %rax, %cr3
2:
#endif
        FENCE_SWAPGS_KERNEL_ENTRY

        /* paranoidentry do_nmi, 0; without TRACE_IRQS_OFF */
        call    do_nmi

#ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION
        /*
         * Unconditionally restore CR3.  We might be returning to
         * kernel code that needs user CR3, like just just before
         * a sysret.
         */
        ALTERNATIVE "", "popq %rax; movq %rax, %cr3", X86_FEATURE_KAISER
#endif

        testl   %ebx, %ebx                      /* swapgs needed? */
        jnz     nmi_restore
nmi_swapgs:
        /* We fixed up CR3 above, so no need to switch it here */
        SWAPGS_UNSAFE_STACK
nmi_restore:
        RESTORE_EXTRA_REGS
        RESTORE_C_REGS

        /* Point RSP at the "iret" frame. */
        REMOVE_PT_GPREGS_FROM_STACK 6*8

        /*
         * Clear "NMI executing".  Set DF first so that we can easily
         * distinguish the remaining code between here and IRET from
         * the SYSCALL entry and exit paths.  On a native kernel, we
         * could just inspect RIP, but, on paravirt kernels,
         * INTERRUPT_RETURN can translate into a jump into a
         * hypercall page.
         */
        std
        movq    $0, 5*8(%rsp)           /* clear "NMI executing" */

        /*
         * INTERRUPT_RETURN reads the "iret" frame and exits the NMI
         * stack in a single instruction.  We are returning to kernel
         * mode, so this cannot result in a fault.
         */
        INTERRUPT_RETURN
END(nmi)

ENTRY(ignore_sysret)
        mov     $-ENOSYS, %eax
        sysret
END(ignore_sysret)