2 * chaoskey - driver for ChaosKey device from Altus Metrum.
4 * This device provides true random numbers using a noise source based
5 * on a reverse-biased p-n junction in avalanche breakdown. More
6 * details can be found at http://chaoskey.org
8 * The driver connects to the kernel hardware RNG interface to provide
9 * entropy for /dev/random and other kernel activities. It also offers
10 * a separate /dev/ entry to allow for direct access to the random
13 * Copyright © 2015 Keith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
15 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
16 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
17 * the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
19 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
20 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
21 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
22 * General Public License for more details.
25 #include <linux/module.h>
26 #include <linux/slab.h>
27 #include <linux/usb.h>
28 #include <linux/wait.h>
29 #include <linux/hw_random.h>
30 #include <linux/mutex.h>
31 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
33 static struct usb_driver chaoskey_driver;
34 static struct usb_class_driver chaoskey_class;
35 static int chaoskey_rng_read(struct hwrng *rng, void *data,
36 size_t max, bool wait);
38 #define usb_dbg(usb_if, format, arg...) \
39 dev_dbg(&(usb_if)->dev, format, ## arg)
41 #define usb_err(usb_if, format, arg...) \
42 dev_err(&(usb_if)->dev, format, ## arg)
44 /* Version Information */
45 #define DRIVER_VERSION "v0.1"
46 #define DRIVER_AUTHOR "Keith Packard, keithp@keithp.com"
47 #define DRIVER_DESC "Altus Metrum ChaosKey driver"
48 #define DRIVER_SHORT "chaoskey"
50 MODULE_VERSION(DRIVER_VERSION);
51 MODULE_AUTHOR(DRIVER_AUTHOR);
52 MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DRIVER_DESC);
53 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
55 #define CHAOSKEY_VENDOR_ID 0x1d50 /* OpenMoko */
56 #define CHAOSKEY_PRODUCT_ID 0x60c6 /* ChaosKey */
58 #define ALEA_VENDOR_ID 0x12d8 /* Araneus */
59 #define ALEA_PRODUCT_ID 0x0001 /* Alea I */
61 #define CHAOSKEY_BUF_LEN 64 /* max size of USB full speed packet */
63 #define NAK_TIMEOUT (HZ) /* normal stall/wait timeout */
64 #define ALEA_FIRST_TIMEOUT (HZ*3) /* first stall/wait timeout for Alea */
66 #ifdef CONFIG_USB_DYNAMIC_MINORS
67 #define USB_CHAOSKEY_MINOR_BASE 0
70 /* IOWARRIOR_MINOR_BASE + 16, not official yet */
71 #define USB_CHAOSKEY_MINOR_BASE 224
74 static const struct usb_device_id chaoskey_table[] = {
75 { USB_DEVICE(CHAOSKEY_VENDOR_ID, CHAOSKEY_PRODUCT_ID) },
76 { USB_DEVICE(ALEA_VENDOR_ID, ALEA_PRODUCT_ID) },
79 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, chaoskey_table);
81 static void chaos_read_callback(struct urb *urb);
83 /* Driver-local specific stuff */
85 struct usb_interface *interface;
88 struct mutex rng_lock;
89 int open; /* open count */
90 bool present; /* device not disconnected */
91 bool reading; /* ongoing IO */
92 bool reads_started; /* track first read for Alea */
93 int size; /* size of buf */
94 int valid; /* bytes of buf read */
95 int used; /* bytes of buf consumed */
96 char *name; /* product + serial */
97 struct hwrng hwrng; /* Embedded struct for hwrng */
98 int hwrng_registered; /* registered with hwrng API */
99 wait_queue_head_t wait_q; /* for timeouts */
100 struct urb *urb; /* for performing IO */
104 static void chaoskey_free(struct chaoskey *dev)
107 usb_dbg(dev->interface, "free");
108 usb_free_urb(dev->urb);
111 usb_put_intf(dev->interface);
116 static int chaoskey_probe(struct usb_interface *interface,
117 const struct usb_device_id *id)
119 struct usb_device *udev = interface_to_usbdev(interface);
120 struct usb_host_interface *altsetting = interface->cur_altsetting;
123 struct chaoskey *dev;
124 int result = -ENOMEM;
127 usb_dbg(interface, "probe %s-%s", udev->product, udev->serial);
129 /* Find the first bulk IN endpoint and its packet size */
130 for (i = 0; i < altsetting->desc.bNumEndpoints; i++) {
131 if (usb_endpoint_is_bulk_in(&altsetting->endpoint[i].desc)) {
132 in_ep = usb_endpoint_num(&altsetting->endpoint[i].desc);
133 size = usb_endpoint_maxp(&altsetting->endpoint[i].desc);
138 /* Validate endpoint and size */
140 usb_dbg(interface, "no IN endpoint found");
144 usb_dbg(interface, "invalid size (%d)", size);
148 if (size > CHAOSKEY_BUF_LEN) {
149 usb_dbg(interface, "size reduced from %d to %d\n",
150 size, CHAOSKEY_BUF_LEN);
151 size = CHAOSKEY_BUF_LEN;
154 /* Looks good, allocate and initialize */
156 dev = kzalloc(sizeof(struct chaoskey), GFP_KERNEL);
161 dev->interface = usb_get_intf(interface);
163 dev->buf = kmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
165 if (dev->buf == NULL)
168 dev->urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
173 usb_fill_bulk_urb(dev->urb,
175 usb_rcvbulkpipe(udev, in_ep),
181 /* Construct a name using the product and serial values. Each
182 * device needs a unique name for the hwrng code
185 if (udev->product && udev->serial) {
186 dev->name = kmalloc(strlen(udev->product) + 1 +
187 strlen(udev->serial) + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
188 if (dev->name == NULL)
191 strcpy(dev->name, udev->product);
192 strcat(dev->name, "-");
193 strcat(dev->name, udev->serial);
198 if (le16_to_cpu(udev->descriptor.idVendor) != ALEA_VENDOR_ID)
199 dev->reads_started = 1;
204 init_waitqueue_head(&dev->wait_q);
206 mutex_init(&dev->lock);
207 mutex_init(&dev->rng_lock);
209 usb_set_intfdata(interface, dev);
211 result = usb_register_dev(interface, &chaoskey_class);
213 usb_err(interface, "Unable to allocate minor number.");
217 dev->hwrng.name = dev->name ? dev->name : chaoskey_driver.name;
218 dev->hwrng.read = chaoskey_rng_read;
220 /* Set the 'quality' metric. Quality is measured in units of
221 * 1/1024's of a bit ("mills"). This should be set to 1024,
222 * but there is a bug in the hwrng core which masks it with
225 * The patch that has been merged to the crypto development
226 * tree for that bug limits the value to 1024 at most, so by
227 * setting this to 1024 + 1023, we get 1023 before the fix is
228 * merged and 1024 afterwards. We'll patch this driver once
229 * both bits of code are in the same tree.
231 dev->hwrng.quality = 1024 + 1023;
233 dev->hwrng_registered = (hwrng_register(&dev->hwrng) == 0);
234 if (!dev->hwrng_registered)
235 usb_err(interface, "Unable to register with hwrng");
237 usb_enable_autosuspend(udev);
239 usb_dbg(interface, "chaoskey probe success, size %d", dev->size);
243 usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
248 static void chaoskey_disconnect(struct usb_interface *interface)
250 struct chaoskey *dev;
252 usb_dbg(interface, "disconnect");
253 dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
255 usb_dbg(interface, "disconnect failed - no dev");
259 if (dev->hwrng_registered)
260 hwrng_unregister(&dev->hwrng);
262 usb_deregister_dev(interface, &chaoskey_class);
264 usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
265 mutex_lock(&dev->lock);
268 usb_poison_urb(dev->urb);
271 mutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
274 mutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
276 usb_dbg(interface, "disconnect done");
279 static int chaoskey_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
281 struct chaoskey *dev;
282 struct usb_interface *interface;
284 /* get the interface from minor number and driver information */
285 interface = usb_find_interface(&chaoskey_driver, iminor(inode));
289 usb_dbg(interface, "open");
291 dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
293 usb_dbg(interface, "open (dev)");
297 file->private_data = dev;
298 mutex_lock(&dev->lock);
300 mutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
302 usb_dbg(interface, "open success");
306 static int chaoskey_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
308 struct chaoskey *dev = file->private_data;
309 struct usb_interface *interface;
314 interface = dev->interface;
316 usb_dbg(interface, "release");
318 mutex_lock(&dev->lock);
320 usb_dbg(interface, "open count at release is %d", dev->open);
322 if (dev->open <= 0) {
323 usb_dbg(interface, "invalid open count (%d)", dev->open);
324 mutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
331 if (dev->open == 0) {
332 mutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
335 mutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
337 mutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
339 usb_dbg(interface, "release success");
343 static void chaos_read_callback(struct urb *urb)
345 struct chaoskey *dev = urb->context;
346 int status = urb->status;
348 usb_dbg(dev->interface, "callback status (%d)", status);
351 dev->valid = urb->actual_length;
357 /* must be seen first before validity is announced */
360 dev->reading = false;
361 wake_up(&dev->wait_q);
364 /* Fill the buffer. Called with dev->lock held
366 static int _chaoskey_fill(struct chaoskey *dev)
372 usb_dbg(dev->interface, "fill");
374 /* Return immediately if someone called before the buffer was
376 if (dev->valid != dev->used) {
377 usb_dbg(dev->interface, "not empty yet (valid %d used %d)",
378 dev->valid, dev->used);
382 /* Bail if the device has been removed */
384 usb_dbg(dev->interface, "device not present");
388 /* Make sure the device is awake */
389 result = usb_autopm_get_interface(dev->interface);
391 usb_dbg(dev->interface, "wakeup failed (result %d)", result);
396 result = usb_submit_urb(dev->urb, GFP_KERNEL);
398 result = usb_translate_errors(result);
399 dev->reading = false;
403 /* The first read on the Alea takes a little under 2 seconds.
404 * Reads after the first read take only a few microseconds
405 * though. Presumably the entropy-generating circuit needs
406 * time to ramp up. So, we wait longer on the first read.
408 started = dev->reads_started;
409 dev->reads_started = true;
410 result = wait_event_interruptible_timeout(
413 (started ? NAK_TIMEOUT : ALEA_FIRST_TIMEOUT) );
416 usb_kill_urb(dev->urb);
422 usb_kill_urb(dev->urb);
427 /* Let the device go back to sleep eventually */
428 usb_autopm_put_interface(dev->interface);
430 usb_dbg(dev->interface, "read %d bytes", dev->valid);
435 static ssize_t chaoskey_read(struct file *file,
440 struct chaoskey *dev;
441 ssize_t read_count = 0;
444 unsigned long remain;
446 dev = file->private_data;
448 if (dev == NULL || !dev->present)
451 usb_dbg(dev->interface, "read %zu", count);
455 /* Grab the rng_lock briefly to ensure that the hwrng interface
456 * gets priority over other user access
458 result = mutex_lock_interruptible(&dev->rng_lock);
461 mutex_unlock(&dev->rng_lock);
463 result = mutex_lock_interruptible(&dev->lock);
466 if (dev->valid == dev->used) {
467 result = _chaoskey_fill(dev);
469 mutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
474 this_time = dev->valid - dev->used;
475 if (this_time > count)
478 remain = copy_to_user(buffer, dev->buf + dev->used, this_time);
482 /* Consume the bytes that were copied so we don't leak
485 dev->used += this_time - remain;
486 mutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
491 read_count += this_time;
493 dev->used += this_time;
494 mutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
498 usb_dbg(dev->interface, "read %zu bytes", read_count);
501 usb_dbg(dev->interface, "empty read, result %d", result);
502 if (result == -ETIMEDOUT)
507 static int chaoskey_rng_read(struct hwrng *rng, void *data,
508 size_t max, bool wait)
510 struct chaoskey *dev = container_of(rng, struct chaoskey, hwrng);
513 usb_dbg(dev->interface, "rng_read max %zu wait %d", max, wait);
516 usb_dbg(dev->interface, "device not present");
520 /* Hold the rng_lock until we acquire the device lock so that
521 * this operation gets priority over other user access to the
524 mutex_lock(&dev->rng_lock);
526 mutex_lock(&dev->lock);
528 mutex_unlock(&dev->rng_lock);
530 /* Try to fill the buffer if empty. It doesn't actually matter
531 * if _chaoskey_fill works; we'll just return zero bytes as
532 * the buffer will still be empty
534 if (dev->valid == dev->used)
535 (void) _chaoskey_fill(dev);
537 this_time = dev->valid - dev->used;
541 memcpy(data, dev->buf + dev->used, this_time);
543 dev->used += this_time;
545 mutex_unlock(&dev->lock);
547 usb_dbg(dev->interface, "rng_read this_time %d\n", this_time);
552 static int chaoskey_suspend(struct usb_interface *interface,
553 pm_message_t message)
555 usb_dbg(interface, "suspend");
559 static int chaoskey_resume(struct usb_interface *interface)
561 struct chaoskey *dev;
562 struct usb_device *udev = interface_to_usbdev(interface);
564 usb_dbg(interface, "resume");
565 dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
568 * We may have lost power.
569 * In that case the device that needs a long time
570 * for the first requests needs an extended timeout
573 if (le16_to_cpu(udev->descriptor.idVendor) == ALEA_VENDOR_ID)
574 dev->reads_started = false;
579 #define chaoskey_suspend NULL
580 #define chaoskey_resume NULL
583 /* file operation pointers */
584 static const struct file_operations chaoskey_fops = {
585 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
586 .read = chaoskey_read,
587 .open = chaoskey_open,
588 .release = chaoskey_release,
589 .llseek = default_llseek,
592 /* class driver information */
593 static struct usb_class_driver chaoskey_class = {
594 .name = "chaoskey%d",
595 .fops = &chaoskey_fops,
596 .minor_base = USB_CHAOSKEY_MINOR_BASE,
599 /* usb specific object needed to register this driver with the usb subsystem */
600 static struct usb_driver chaoskey_driver = {
601 .name = DRIVER_SHORT,
602 .probe = chaoskey_probe,
603 .disconnect = chaoskey_disconnect,
604 .suspend = chaoskey_suspend,
605 .resume = chaoskey_resume,
606 .reset_resume = chaoskey_resume,
607 .id_table = chaoskey_table,
608 .supports_autosuspend = 1,
611 module_usb_driver(chaoskey_driver);