-wMIT Technical Report 293
+% The Muddle Programming Language
+% Greg Pfister
+ S. W. Galley
+ et al.
+% 1979
+
+MIT Technical Report 293
Laboratory for Computer Science\
Massachusetts Institute of Technology\
are not covered in the text. Ignore examples as your peril.
This document does not assume knowledge of any specific programming
-language on the \[sic\] your part. However, "computational literacy"
-is assumed: you should have written at least one program before. Also
-very little familiarity is assumed with the interactive time-sharing
-operating systems under which Muddle runs -- ITS, Tenex, and Tops-20
--- namely just file and user naming conventions.
+language on your part. However, "computational literacy" is assumed:
+you should have written at least one program before. Also very little
+familiarity is assumed with the interactive time-sharing operating
+systems under which Muddle runs -- ITS, Tenex, and Tops-20 -- namely
+just file and user naming conventions.
### Notation
One way to "name" a `FUNCTION` is
<SETG SQUARE #FUNCTION ((X) <* .X .X>)>$
- #FUNCTION ((X) <* .X .X>
+ #FUNCTION ((X) <* .X .X>)
So that
Another way, which is somewhat cleaner in its typing:
<SETG SQUARE <FUNCTION (X) <* .X .X>>>$
- #FUNCTION ((X) <* .X .X>
+ #FUNCTION ((X) <* .X .X>)
`FUNCTION` is an `FSUBR` which simply makes a `FUNCTION` out of its
arguments and returns the created `FUNCTION`.
The following table tells which `SUBR`s can be used with which modes,
where `OK` indicates an allowed use:
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- "READ" "PRINT" "READB" "PRINTB", "PRINTO" mode / SUBRs
- -------------------- --------------------- --------------------- -------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------
- OK OK `READ` `READCHR` `NEXTCHR`
- `READSTRING` `FILECOPY`
- `FILE-LENGTH LOAD`
+ -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ "READ" "PRINT" "READB" "PRINTB", "PRINTO" mode / SUBRs
+ ------ ------- ------- ------------------ ------------
+ OK OK `READ` `READCHR` `NEXTCHR`
+ `READSTRING` `FILECOPY`
+ `FILE-LENGTH LOAD`
- OK OK\* `PRINT` `PRIN1` `PRINC` `IMAGE`
- `CRLF` `TERPRI` `FILECOPY`
- `PRINTSTRING` `BUFOUT` `NETS`
- `RENAME`
+ OK OK\* `PRINT` `PRIN1` `PRINC` `IMAGE`
+ `CRLF` `TERPRI` `FILECOPY`
+ `PRINTSTRING` `BUFOUT` `NETS`
+ `RENAME`
- OK `READB` `GC-READ`
+ OK `READB` `GC-READ`
- OK `PRINTB` `GC-DUMP`
+ OK `PRINTB` `GC-DUMP`
- OK OK OK `ACCESS`
+ OK OK OK `ACCESS`
- OK OK OK OK `RESET`
+ OK OK OK OK `RESET`
- OK OK `ECHOPAIR`
+ OK OK `ECHOPAIR`
- OK `TTYECHO` `TYI`
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ OK `TTYECHO` `TYI`
+ -------------------------------------------------------------------------
`*` PRINTing (or `PRIN1`ing) an `RSUBR` (chapter 19) on a `"PRINTB"`
or `"PRINTO"` `CHANNEL` has special effects.
*element-number: type interpretation*
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- element-number type interpretation
- -------------------------- ------------------ ------------------------------------------------------
- -1 `LIST` transcript channel(s) (see below)
+ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ element-number type interpretation
+ ---------------- ------------- ------------------------------------------------------
+ -1 `LIST` transcript channel(s) (see below)
- \* 0 varies device-dependent information
+ \* 0 varies device-dependent information
- \* 1 `FIX` channel number (ITS) or JFN (Tenex and Tops-20), `0`
- for internal or closed
+ \* 1 `FIX` channel number (ITS) or JFN (Tenex and Tops-20), `0`
+ for internal or closed
- \* 2 `STRING` mode
+ \* 2 `STRING` mode
- \* 3 `STRING` first file name argument
+ \* 3 `STRING` first file name argument
- \* 4 `STRING` second file name argument
+ \* 4 `STRING` second file name argument
- \* 5 `STRING` device name argument
+ \* 5 `STRING` device name argument
- \* 6 `STRING` directory name argument
+ \* 6 `STRING` directory name argument
- \* 7 `STRING` real first file name
+ \* 7 `STRING` real first file name
- \* 8 `STRING` real second file name
+ \* 8 `STRING` real second file name
- \* 9 `STRING` real device name
+ \* 9 `STRING` real device name
- \* 10 `STRING` real directory name
+ \* 10 `STRING` real directory name
- \* 11 `FIX` various status bits
+ \* 11 `FIX` various status bits
- \* 12 `FIX` PDP-10 instruction used to do one I/O operation
+ \* 12 `FIX` PDP-10 instruction used to do one I/O operation
- 13 `FIX` number of characters per line of output
+ 13 `FIX` number of characters per line of output
- 14 `FIX` current character position on a line
+ 14 `FIX` current character position on a line
- 15 `FIX` number of lines per page
+ 15 `FIX` number of lines per page
- 16 `FIX` current line number on a page
+ 16 `FIX` current line number on a page
- 17 `FIX` access pointer for file-oriented devices
+ 17 `FIX` access pointer for file-oriented devices
- 18 `FIX` radix for `FIX` conversion
+ 18 `FIX` radix for `FIX` conversion
- 19 `FIX` sink for an internal `CHANNEL`
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 19 `FIX` sink for an internal `CHANNEL`
+ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N.B.: The elements of a `CHANNEL` below number 1 are usually invisible
but are obtainable via `<NTH <TOP channel> fix>`, for some appropriate